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1、1these a_ (惹人喜爱的惹人喜爱的) tree-hugging animals feed on tree leaves.（根据汉语意思填空）（根据汉语意思填空）【答案答案】adorable【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些惹人喜爱的抱树动物以树叶为食。分析句子可知，adorable 意为“惹人喜爱的” ，形容词词性，在句中作定语修饰 animals，表示惹人喜爱的动物，符合句意。故填 adorable。2the novel has achieved e_(巨大的巨大的) popularity in britain. （根据汉语意思填空）（根据汉语意思填空）【答案答案】enormous【详解
2、】考查形容词。句意：这部小说在英国大受欢迎。根据汉语及首字母提示可知，此处使用形容词enormous。故填 enormous。3the _(水族馆水族馆) is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city. （根据汉语意思填（根据汉语意思填空）空）【答案答案】aquarium【详解】考查名词。句意：水族馆是你游览这座城市时不能错过的地方。分析句子可知，aquarium 意为“水族馆” ，名词词性，在句中作主语，表示水族馆是你不能错过的地方，符合句意。故填 aquarium。4she excelled at impers
3、onations of his teachers, which provided great_(娱乐娱乐) for him. （根据汉（根据汉语意思填空）语意思填空）【答案答案】amusement【详解】考查名词。句意：她擅长模仿他的老师，这给他带来了极大的乐趣。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，great 意为“极大的” ，形容词词性，后接名词，amusement 意为“娱乐” ，名词词性，作provide 的宾语。故填 amusement。5i remember loving to go there and just _(闲逛闲逛) around and look at all the
4、 toys. （根据汉语意思（根据汉语意思填空）填空）【答案答案】wander【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我记得我喜欢去那里逛逛，看看所有的玩具。love to do 喜欢做某事，该用法是固定用法，该空与 go 和 look at 并列，用动词原形，所以填 wander。6his arms _ (摇摆摇摆) a lot as he walks alone on the path. （根据汉语意思填空）（根据汉语意思填空）【答案答案】swing【详解】考查动词。句意：他一个人在小路上走的时候，手臂经常摆动。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用动词 wing，作谓语，由 as he walks alone
5、 on the path 可知，应使用一般现在时，his arms 是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。故填 swing。7in an electric power plant, the heat turns water into high-pressure_ (蒸汽蒸汽). （根据汉语意思填（根据汉语意思填空）空）【答案答案】steam【详解】考查名词。句意：在发电厂，热量把水变成高压蒸汽。分析句意，steam 译为“ 蒸汽”为不可数名词。作 into 的宾语。此处符合题意。故填 steam。8there was a period of excessive warmth which melted
6、 some of the _(极地的极地的) ice. （根据汉语意思（根据汉语意思填空）填空）【答案答案】polar【详解】考查形容词。句意：有一段时间气温过高，使极地的一些冰融化了。该空修饰名词 ice，用形容词，所以填 polar。9the sandwich took the edge off my _(胃口胃口). （根据汉语意思填空）（根据汉语意思填空）【答案答案】appetite【详解】考查名词。句意：三明治使我胃口大减。off 为介词后接名词。根据汉语提示，所以填名词appetite。故填 appetite。10i always read her _(栏目栏目) in the l
7、ocal paper. （根据汉语意思填空）（根据汉语意思填空）【答案答案】column【详解】考查名词。句意：我经常在当地报纸上看到她的专栏。分析句意，column 译为“专栏”为不可数名词，作 read 的宾语。故填 column。语法专题（语法专题（it 作形式主语）作形式主语）（一）（一） 作形式主语替代主语从句作形式主语替代主语从句1.it is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain.) that .该句型中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，肯定）是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 it is v
8、ery clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = that hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. it is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural.) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should 动词原形） ，should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。 it is important that we (should) learn english well.
9、2. it is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that . 该句型中的 it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是 that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）。 it is said that he has come to beijing. 该句型常可以转换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主补的简单句。例如： its said that tom has come back from abroad.people say that tom has come back from abroad.he
10、is said to have come back from abroad. it is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded. ) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should 动词原形） ，should 可以省；常译为据建议；有命令.） it is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. 3.it is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing
11、/a fact,/a surprise/. ) that . 该句型中，that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should 动词原形） ，should 可省去.表示出乎意料，常译为竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。it is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ 4. it happens (seems， looks， appears ) that. 该句型中 it 是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的 happen ， seem 等词是不及物动词。it happ
12、ened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧该句型可转换成含不定式的简单句。如上述两句可分别转换为：he happened to meet his teacher in the street.5.it 代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语 （1）it is known（not decided，not made clear，found out，discussed，being discussed，being considered，a question，uncertain
13、等）连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。 it is still a question when we shall have our sports meet. 我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题。 （2）it doesnt matter（its no wonder；it doesnt make too much difference 等）连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。 it doesnt matter whether we go together or separately.我们一起去还是分开去都可以。 练习：练习：11it is not a problem_we can win the batt
14、le;its just a matter of time. (用适当的词填空用适当的词填空)【答案答案】whether【详解】考查主语从句的连接词。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。根据下文 its just a matter of time 可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it 是形式主语，whether 引导的从句是真正的主语。故答案为 whether。12it is likely_you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.(用适当的单词填空用适当的单词填空)【答案答案】that【详解】考查主语
15、从句。句意：如果你继续吸烟，你的身体很可能会不好。分析句子结构可知，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 you could suffer from bad health，从句句意完整、不缺成分，应使用只起连接作用、无实意的 that 引导。故填 that。13it never occurred to me_you could persuade him to change his mind. （按要求补全句子）（按要求补全句子）【答案答案】that【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我从没想到过你能说服他改变主意。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是_ you could succeed in persuadin
16、g him to change his mind 这一主语从句，且从句不缺成分，句意完整，所以用that 引导。故填 that。14it remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. （所给词的适当形式填空）（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案答案】how【详解】考查连接词。句意：我们怎么能在这么短的时间内弄到这么多钱还是个问题。此处为主语从句，it 作形式主语，主语从句中缺少方式状语，表示“怎么，如何”故应用 how。故填 how。15it is recognised _ the environmental
17、pollution has become more and more serious.（用适当的单（用适当的单词填空）词填空）【答案答案】that【详解】考查主语从句。句意：人们认识到环境污染已变得越来越严重。分析句子结构可知，这是一个主语从句结构，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是从句“ the environmental pollution has become more and more serious.” ，且该从句句意完整，也不缺少主语和宾语，因此，该从句应该用 that 引导。故填 that。16_occurred to me that the phone number i had t
18、old them was wrong. (用适当的词填空用适当的词填空)【答案答案】it【详解】考查形式主语 it。句意：我突然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错误的。it occurred to sb. that.“某人突然想到”，分析句子可知，that 引导主语从句，用 it 作形式主语，故填 it。17_ is obvious that he has finished his work. (用适当的词填空用适当的词填空)【答案答案】it【详解】考查形式主语。句意：很明显，他已经完成了他的工作。分析句子结构，后面的从句 that he has finished his work 是句子真正的主语
19、，放在句末，前面需要使用形式主语，句子第一个单词首字母大写，所以填 it。18_is generally recognized that he is one of the most famous musicians in our country. （用适当（用适当的单词填空）的单词填空）【答案答案】it【详解】考查 it 作形式主语。句意：众所周知，他是我国最著名的音乐家之一。分析句子可知，句中存在主语从句“that he is one of the most famous musicians in our country”后置，应使用形式主语 it 指代主语从句位于句首。故填 it。19_
20、is not easy to balance his family with work as a researcher. （用适当的单词填空）（用适当的单词填空）【答案答案】it【详解】考查 it 用作形式主语。句意：作为研究人员，很难把家庭和工作平衡。本句中真正的主语为 to balance his family with work，为了句式平衡，使用 it 作为形式主语。it 用作形式主语的结构为 it is adj. to do sth. 故填 it。20_ is not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces.
21、 （用适当的单词填空）（用适当的单词填空）【答案答案】it【详解】考查形式主语。句意：使用太多的小色块并不是一个好主意。此处用 it 作形式主语，动词不定式短语 to use too many small color pieces 作真正的主语，首字母大写。故填 it。阅读理解阅读理解 on the banks of tanzanias lake eyasi lives the worlds last hunter-gatherer tribe (部落) the hadza. they dont grow food, raise animals or build houses. instead
22、 they live a life unchanged for more than ten thousand years.their world is one of complete freedom something modern society can barely imagine and is unlikely to ever experience, let alone have the skills to stay alive. text messages and phone calls dont exist. nor do cars and electricity. no jobs,
23、 timetables, and social structures. no laws, taxes and unbelievably, no money the closest thing to currency (交易) is the trade for a pair of shorts with a neighboring tribe.we spent our time with the hadza hunting baboons (狒狒), a daily activity for the men. their land is packed with sharp bushes, poi
24、sonous snakes and man-eating lions. but a successful hunting trip is the difference between eating or going hungry.the hadza diet consists mainly of honey, fruit and meat. men often hunt in pairs to shoot animals with bows and arrows. the hadza show us how to track animals, from baboons to snakes to
25、 lions. they are hugely skilled with their handmade bows and arrows we have a go and barely get the arrow to go three feet in front of us.the language of the hadza is believed to be the oldest still-spoken language known to man. the hadza dont have conflict, and have no memory of starvation. their p
26、opulation never reaches numbers that cannot be supported through hunting or gathering. they never get from their land more than they need.unlike modern-day office workers, the hadza enjoy an extraordinary amount of free time. their “work” hunting for food takes up around five hours of their day. the
27、yve been in such a state of peaceful existence for thousands of years.21we can learn from the text that the hadza_.alead a very simple lifeblive on traditional agriculturechave their own system of currencydshow a lot of interest in new technology22which of the following can describe the hadzas envir
28、onment?astressful.bcomfortable.cexciting.ddangerous.23the relationship between the hadza and nature_.ais going wrongbis full of conflictcis in perfect harmonydis changing all the time24why does the author come to visit the hadza?ato study their native language.bto get to know their way of life.cto l
29、earn survival skills from them.dto persuade them to protect animals.【答案答案】21a22d23c24b【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哈扎人的生活方式：他们生活简单，主要以狩猎为生。他们和大自然和谐相处，长期以来过着平和的生活。21推理判断题。根据第一和第二段中的“instead they live a life unchanged for more than ten thousand years. text messages and phone calls dont exist. nor do cars and el
30、ectricity. no jobs, timetables, and social structures. no laws, taxes and unbelievably, no money the closest thing to currency (交易) is the trade for a pair of shorts with a neighboring tribe.”可知，他们过着一万年不变的生活短信和电话根本不存在。汽车和电力也没有。没有工作、时间表和社会结构。没有法律、税收。难以置信的是，没有钱。由此可以推知，the hadza 过着非常简单的生活。a 选项正确。22推理判断
31、题。根据第三段中的“their land is packed with sharp bushes, poisonous snakes and man-eating lions”可知，他们的土地上满是锋利的灌木丛，毒蛇和食人狮。由此可知，他们的环境非常危险。故选 d.23推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“the hadza dont have conflict, and have no memory of starvation. their population never reaches numbers that cannot be supported through hunting or ga
32、thering. they never get from their land more than they need.”可知，哈扎人没有冲突，也没有饥饿的记忆。它的人口从未达到通过狩猎或采集无法维持的数量。他们从自己的土地上得到的东西从来不超过他们所需要的。由此可知，他们和自然和谐相处。故 c 选项正确。24推理判断题。文章主要介绍了哈扎人的生活方式：他们生活简单，主要以狩猎为生。他们和大自然和谐相处，长期以来过着平和的生活。由文章的主要内容可以推知，作者来参观 the hadza 就是为了了解他们的生活方式。故选 b.写作（改错）写作（改错）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修
33、改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（） ，并在其下面写出该加的词；，并在其下面写出该加的词；删除：把多余的词用斜线删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉；划掉；修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；每处错误及其修
34、改均仅限一词；2只允许修改只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。处起）不计分。today id like to shares my personal experience inin improving our english writing skills. the ability to write in english is becoming increasing important in english communication as well as in examinations. thus, it was worth focusing our attent
35、ion on. . in order to write a good essay, we should have a excellent command of over 2,000 frequently-used english word. its necessary and useful for them to read or even recite beautiful english articles. beside, as the saying goes, that practice makes perfect, so we should take every possible chan
36、ce to write in english. according my personal experience, keep a diary every day is a good means to achieve the aim【答案答案】【解析解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者分享了自己提高英语写作的一些方法技巧。【详解】1. 考查固定用法。句意：今天我想和大家分享一下我个人在提高英语写作技巧方面的经验。短语 would like to do sth.“想要做某事”后跟不定式，故 shares 改为 share。2. 考查副词。句意：英语写作能力在英语交流和考试中变得越来越重要。impor
37、tant 是形容词，要用副词修饰。故 increasing 改为 increasingly。3. 考查动词时态。句意：因此，值得我们关注。全文讲述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时态。故 was 改为is。4. 考查冠词。句意：要写好一篇文章，我们必须熟练掌握 2000 多个常用英语单词。command 做“要求”将是可数名词，且 excellent 为元音音素开头的单词，故应用不定冠词 an。故 a 改为 an。5. 考查名词的数。word 为可数名词，其前有数词 2000 修饰时要用复数形式。故 word 改为 words。6. 考查代词。句意：对我们来说，阅读甚至背诵漂亮的英语文章是必要和有用
38、的。根据文中可知，讲的是如何提高我们的英语写作技能，用代词 us。故 them 改为 us。7. 考查副词。句意：此外，俗话说，熟能生巧，所以我们应该抓住每一个可能的机会用英语写作。beside意为在旁边；在附近，是介词，besides 意为而且，也，是副词。故 beside 改为 besides。8. 考查固定用法。分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，已有关系代词 as，that 是多余的，故去掉 that。9. 考查固定搭配。句意：根据我个人经验，每天写日记是达到这个目的的好方法。according to 意为（表示依据）根据，按照，是固定搭配。故 according 后添加 to。10.考
39、查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，句中缺少主语，故用动名词短语 keeping a diary every day 作主语。故keep 改为 keeping。【点睛】在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有一下几类：1.名词：单复数用错，可数与不可数名词的混用。如第五小题，考查名词的数。word 为可数名词，其前有数词 2000 修饰时要用复数形式。故 word 改为 words。2.动词：时态和语态，常出现在整体时态为过去或现在时中间混杂另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；接从句要用虚拟语气的没有用，需要接 v.-ing 形式的接了 to，或相反等。3.形容词、副词：混用。关系副
40、词 when, where, why 等的错用。4.介词：主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。这一部分需要平时多多积累，弄清常用介词的搭配。5.主谓一致性：如第三人称单数漏掉 s，或主语为复数，谓语动词却用了单数；再就是就近原则对主语的影响。6.冠词：定冠词 the 的多余或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等不能加 the 的地方加了 the，或是 same 等常与 the 一起使用的词却漏掉了 the。a, an 的混用，首字母发音是元音音素，则用an，如：an hour；反之用 a，如：a useful book, a university.如第四小题，考查冠词。句意：要写好
41、一篇文章，我们必须熟练掌握 2000 多个常用英语单词。command 做“要求”将是可数名词，且 excellent 为元音音素开头的单词，故应用不定冠词 an。故 a 改为 an。7.数词：主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等。基数词的复数形式如几百 hundreds of，几千 thousands of 漏掉了 s，或是当其前有具体数字或 several 时加了复数，如：seven hundred，写作 seven hundreds。8.连词：转折，因果，并列。9.代词：主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反；应用形容词性物主代词却没用。关系代词的错用，如只能用 that 引导的用了其他，或在不能用 that 的地方却用了 that，或是在“介词 关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词等。10.常用固定短语用错。